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ObjectiveTo develop traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） formulae for the treatment of nonsevere coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） and to explore its anti-inflammatory mechanism. MethodsThe dysregulated signaling pathways were determined in macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of COVID-19 patients and in lung epithelial cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 in vitro based on transcriptome analysis. A total of 102 TCM formulae for the clinical treatment of nonsevere COVID-19 were collected through literature. The pathway-reversing rates of these formulae in macrophages and lung epithelial cells were evaluated based on signature signaling pathways， and the basic formula was determined in conjunction with TCM theory. The commonly used Chinese materia medica for nonsevere COVID-19 were summarized from the 102 TCM formulae as abovementioned. And together with the screening results from the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China， a “Chinese materia medica pool” was esta-blished for the development of TCM formulae for COVID-19. The regulatory effects of each herb on signaling pathways were obtained based on targeted transcriptome analysis. Oriented at reversing dysregulated signaling pathways of COVID-19， the calculation was carried out， and the artificial intelligent methods for compositing formulae， that are exhaustive method and parallel computing， were used to obtain candidate compound formulas. Finally， with reference to professional experience， an innovative formula for the treatment of nonsevere COVID-19 was developed. The ethanol extract of the formula was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory effects by detecting the mRNA expression of interleukin 1b （Il1b）， C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 （Cxcl2）， C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 （Cxcl10）， C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 （Ccl2）， nitric oxide synthase 2 （Nos2）， and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 （Ptgs2） using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR） in RAW264.7 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide （LPS）. ResultsIn macrophages and lung epithelial cells， 34 dysregulated signaling pathways associated with COVID-19 were identified respectively. The effects of the 102 formulae for clinical treatment of nonsevere COVID-19 were evaluated based on the dysregulated signaling pathways and targeted transcriptome， and the result showed that Yinqiao Powder and Pingwei Powder （银翘散合平胃散， YQPWP） ranked first， reversing 91.18% of the dysregulated signaling pathways in macrophages and 100% of the dysregulated signaling pathways in lung epithelial cells. Additionally， YQPWP had the function of scattering wind and clearing heat， resolving toxins and removing dampness in accordance with the pathogenesis of wind-heat with dampness in COVID-19. It was selected as the basic formula， and was further modified and optimized to develop an innovative fomula Qiaobang Zhupi Yin （翘蒡术皮饮， QBZPY） based on expert experience and artificial intelligence in composing formulae. QBZPY can reverse all the dysregulated signaling pathways associated with COVID-19 in macrophages and lung epithelial cells， with the reversing rates of 100%. The chief medicinal of QBZPY， including Lianqiao （Fructus Forsythiae）， Xixiancao （Herba Siegesbeckiae） and Niubangzi （Fructus Arctii）， can down-regulate multiple signaling pathways related with virus infection， immune response， and epithelial damage. RT-qPCR results indicated that compared with the model group， the QBZPY group down-regulated the mRNA expression of Il1b， tumor necrosis factor （Tnf）， Cxcl2， Cxcl10， Ccl2， Nos2 and Ptgs2 induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. ConclusionBased on targeted transcriptome analysis， expert experience in TCM and artificial intelligence， QBZPY has been developed for the treatment of nonsevere COVID-19. The ethanol extract of QBZPY has been found to inhibit mRNA expression of several pro-inflammatory genes in a cellular inflammation model.
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【Objective】 To investigate the re-donation willingness and its influencing factors of street blood donrs, so as to stable the team of blood donors and enhance the efficiency of blood collection. 【Methods】 From July 2021 to December 2022, 1 210 blood donors were randomly selected from 5 street blood donation sites affiliated to Nantong Central Blood Station, and their willingness to re-donate blood and influencing factors were surveyed via telephone interviews within 24 hours and 2 to 3 weeks after blood donation. The frequency and type of adverse donation reactions (ADRs) was gathered. 【Results】 Among 1 210 street blood donors, 590 were first-time blood donors, accounting for 48.76% (590/1 210), and 620 were repeated blood donors, accounting for 51.24% (620/1 210). The response rate of this survey was 96.03% (1 162/1 210), and the incidence of delayed ADRs was 1.29% (15/1 162) according to telephone interviews after blood donation. Among the 620 repeated blood donors, "health promotion" (61.77%, 383/620) was the most important reason for willingness of redonation(P<0.05), and the top of the list for on-site experience was "blood donation locations" (56.61%, 351/620) (P< 0.05). 【Conclusion】 The intention of blood donors, location of blood donation sites, service and publicity of blood donation are the main factors that affect the re-donation of blood donors. It's vital to increase the proportion of blood re-donation, and promote the development of voluntary blood donation by improving blood donation service, policy popularization and incentive measures.
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Objective To explore the characteristics and influencing factors of cognitive dysfunction in patients with essential tremor (ET).Methods We recruited ET patients diagnosed by the Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi`an Jiaotong University and healthy volunteers who matched the ET patients in age, gender and education level for the study.We recorded all the patients` demographic information, tremor degree, and family history based on the family tree.All the participants were tested by MMSE, MoCA, ADL, HAMD and HAMA.Results There were 88 ET patients and 63 normal subjects included in the study.According to MMSE, 31.82％ of the patients had cognitive dysfunctions, with orientation, short-term memory, calculation ability, language skills, retelling, reading comprehension, three-level command and drawing being significantly lower than those of the healthy volunteers (P<0.01);orientation was the most serious damage in cognitive function domain (K=0.624, S=0.726);three-level command was the least serious damage (K=0.274, S=0.319).According to MoCA, 86.36％ of the ET patients had cognitive dysfunction higher than normal people (P<0.05);visual space and execution, clock drawing task, naming, attention, 100-7, language skills, abstract thinking and orientation were significantly lower than normal people (P<0.01);the most serious damage in cognitive function domain was visual space and execution (K=0.651, S=0.786); the least serious damage cognitive function domain was “100-7” (K=0.406, S=0.484). Education level and age affected cognitive dysfunction (P<0.05). ADL scores showed negative correlation with cognitive function (correlation =－0.375 and －0.383, respectively; P<0.001). After the effects of anxiety and depression were excluded, onset age and tremor grading were correlated with cognitive dysfunction (P<0.05). When the above factors were put into binary Logistic regression model, education level was found to be contributed to the model (P<0.05).Conclusion Patients with ET widely suffer from cognitive impairment. Age, education level, daily life disability, age of onset, and tremor degree classification can affect cognitive dysfunction.
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In the practice of building its humanistic environment of a research hospital,Nanjing Drum Tower hospital adheres to such humanistic characteristics of the hospital as humanistic concept,planning, environment,management,service,and quality.Furthermore,the hospital upholds such keys as learning, innovation, cooperation, undertaking, competition and development. High focus, high starting point planning,persistence,and down-to-earth efforts,effectively promoting hospital development.
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Objective To investigate the abnormalities of brain gray matter volume in patients with clinically-confirmed essential tremor (ET)of the hands only.Methods We analyzed brain gray matter voxel of 1 7 patients (younger than 55 years)with ET of the hands only and 1 7 healthy controls matched in age,gender and education by optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM).Results VBM showed marked expansion of the bilateral cerebella, occipital fusiform cortices,and precentral lobes (P uncorrected < 0.005 )in ET patients compared with the controls. Atrophy was only detected in left parietal lobe.We also found volume enlargement in the thalamus,midbrain,and melluda of the left side by region of interest (ROI )analysis (P uncorrected <0.005).Conclusion Patients with arm tremor show expansion of gray matter,which might represent the adaptive reorganizational compensation through the increased demand on the visuospatial control of skilled movements in ET patients with early-stage arm tremor. These morphological changes may help to assess early stage and distinguish subtype of ET.
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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a great knowledge base that has been developed through thousands of years and has been accumulated a wealth of experience in diagnosis and treatment.TCM has advanced concepts,but lag behind the use of modern technology and means.With the progress of modern science and technology,the combination of TCM theory and moderm science and technology promotes the development of TCM engineering.TCM has been a breakthrough in diagnostic techniques and clinical treatment,especially modern TCM instruments.At present,diagnostic instruments of TCM mainly depend on pulse and tongue device,and gradually develop to four diagnostic comprehensive analysis platform.Therapeutic instruments of TCM include electroacupuncture device,meridian instrument,laser treatment device and magnetic therapy instrument.This article focuses on the current status,problems and trend on TCM diagnostic and therapeutic instruments,which mainly include diagnostic instruments,clinical treatment instruments,Chinese medical instruments.
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Objective To discuss the value of pregnantal ultrasonography(US) on fetus' complicate congenital heart diseases(CHD). Methods The uhrasonographic fetures of fetus complicate CHD were analyzed and compared with the pathological diagnosis. Resells Twenty fetus' complicate CHD were diagnosed by pregnantal US. Four cases with single ventricle, two eases with transposition of great arteries,two eases with double outlet right ventricle,two cases with truncus arteriosus,three cases with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, three cases with endocardial cushion defect, two cases with hypoplastic right heart syndrome,one case with tetralogy of Fallot and one case with pulmonary atresia were included. The diagnosing according rate was 100%. Conclusions Pregnantal US can fully evaluate the fetus' complicate CHD.
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BACKGROUND: Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project(OCSP) is a new type of clinical classification for subdividing cerebral infarction(CI) conducted on the basis of a large-scale of investigation of stroke in the population of Oxfordshire Community, England in 1991. This kind of classification completely bases on the clinical manifestations without the help of diagnostic instruments, which can predict site and size of the lesion and the involved vessels.OBJECTIVE: To acknowledge the clinical classification of CI patients with Bamford's OCSP and its significance in predicting their long-term functional prognosis.DESIGN: Clinical observation, comparison and verified study based on patients.SETTING: Neurological department in a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Between January 1st and December 31st 2001, totally 126 patients with cerebrovascular disease were hospitalized in the Neurological Department of First Affiliated Hospital of Xi' an Jiaotong University,including 82 males and 44 females.METHODS: Totally 126 in-patients with CI were subdivided with Bamford's OCSP classification, and their disablity was assessed with Barthel index (BI)and modified Rankin Scale(mRS) when they were discharged and 3 months and 6 months later.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Classification of patients with CI and their scores of BI and mRS when they were discharged and 3 months and 6months later.RESULTS: Of the 126 patients, 8(6. 3% ) patients were confirmed of total anterior circulation infarction (TACI), 29 (23. 0% ) of part anterior circulation infarction(PACI), 78(61.9% ) of lacunar infarction(LACI), 11(8.7%) of posterior circulation infarction(POCI) . They were followed-up for 6 months, and meanwhile 12 patients died. Of the other 114 cases the prognosis of TACI was the worst, while the prognosis of POCI and LACI was relatively better than that of PACI.CONCLUSION: CI is predominated by LACI. OCSP is effective for predicting long-term functional prognosis of patients with CI. But it is necessary to make multi-center prospective study on a much larger scale of samples of disease.
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Objective To discuss the feature of the ultrasonic image and the clinical value of this test way.Methods six Cases of hypoplastie cartilage from 30 thousand fetus were detected.Results Shortened and widened long bone in four limbs,betl shape in chest,enlarged head and inflated abdomen are the main features of the ultrasonic image.Conclusion Ultrasound is superior to other methods in diagnosing fetus'hypoplastic cartilage.
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Objective To explore the effects of lithium on expressions of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in the brains of chronic aluminum exposure rats so as to further understand the mechanism of lithium's inhibition on tau phosphorylation. Methods We divided 12 chronic aluminum chloride exposure rats into treatment group and non-treatment group (6 rats in each). Treatment group was given lithium chloride (200 mg/kg?d) via gastric perfusion daily for 6 weeks,while the non-treatment group sodium chloride at the same dosage and the normal group (6 non-aluminum exposure rats of the same month old) without intervention. Six weeks later,all the rats received Morris water maze test for learning memory function; CDK5 and PP2A expressions and phosphorylated tau protein level in rat hippocampus were determined by Western blotting. Results Compared with normal group,non-treatment of chronic aluminum exposure group showed higher phosphorylated tau protein level and CDK5 expression in the brain (P0.05). Conclusion Lithium may reduce tau phosphorylation and neurofibrillary tangle formation by inhibiting the expression of CDK5.
